What is a Fire Safety Policy?

A fire safety policy is a written document that outlines how fire hazards in your premises will be managed and how you’ll protect people from fire should one occur.

By law, employers and people in charge of business and non-domestic premises must take steps to reduce the risks caused by fire. This means ensuring potential dangers are identified, fire safety responsibilities are clearly laid out and that there is a sufficient plan in place for what to do if a fire occurs. A fire safety policy is a simple way to ensure you have all of this information documented in one place.

The person responsible for creating the fire safety policy – the ‘responsible person’ – may be the employer, the building owner, the building’s landlord, an occupier of the building or someone else with control over the premises, like a facilities manager.

The responsible person must ensure that the fire safety policy is tailored to their specific building or buildings and protect everyone that might be present there, including workers, contractors, suppliers, members of the public and passers by.

Policies and Procedures for Fire Safety

The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 is the main piece of legislation governing fire safety in non-domestic and multi-occupancy buildings across England and Wales. It applies to all workplaces and all common parts of multi-occupancy domestic buildings, such as blocks of flats.

Under the Fire Safety Order, the responsible person – whether the employer, landlord, building owner or manager – must:

• Carry out a fire safety risk assessment for the premises.
• Ensure fire safety hazards are managed with appropriate fire safety measures.
• Assign fire safety responsibilities to named people, such as fire wardens.
• Train staff members in fire safety precautions.
• Create PEEPs for those who need them.
• Plan for what needs to happen in an emergency evacuation.
• Maintain the building’s general fire safety measures, such as fire extinguishers, emergency lighting, safety signage and fire doors.

The fire safety procedures for your premises will depend on the type of business, type and size of building and number of people present, but examples include:

• An adequate number of fire escape routes and means of escape, ensuring people are able to find their way out the building safely.
• Means of giving warning in case of fire, such as a fire alarm system and smoke detectors that are tested regularly.
• Clear fire safety signs and notices, indicating the location of fire exits and fire-fighting equipment.
• Suitable fire extinguishers, ensuring the right type of extinguisher is installed.
• Adequate emergency lighting, in case evacuation happens in the dark.
• A clear plan for what happens in case of emergency which is regularly tested through a fire drill.

If you are an employer, then it’s a good idea to share your fire safety responsibilities by nominating a fire warden or fire marshal who will work with you to ensure fire safety measures are in place and effective. All nominated fire wardens need to be given full training in fire safety, and their name and contact details should be shared with the whole business so everyone knows who to contact if fire safety hazards arise.

Looking to Learn More?

As an employer, it’s vital that all your employees are fully trained in fire safety measures so they know what to do in case of emergency. Our range of online Fire Safety Courses, including Fire Warden Training and Fire Risk Assessment Training, will provide members of staff at all levels with essential fire safety knowledge.

How to Write a Fire Safety Policy

Fire safety policies should always be tailored to your specific premises, as all businesses and buildings have different risks and different needs. There is no ‘one-size-fits-all’ policy that applies to everyone. Instead, you need to identify the fire safety risks, safety precautions and emergency procedures that are specific to your premises.

In general, a fire safety policy will contain a statement declaring the business’s commitment to fire safety and three main sections: an identification of the fire safety hazards, details of how these risks are avoided with relevant fire safety precautions and what should happen if a fire breaks out.

Fire Safety Policy Template

Use the link below to download a blank fire safety policy template that you can adapt for your own premises. Note that the pre-filled information in each section is an example only and must be tailored to your own individual building, people and needs.

A sufficient and regularly-reviewed fire safety policy is an essential part of risk management for all types of workplaces, buildings and premises. The responsible person in charge of fire safety for the premises must create a fire safety policy that covers all aspects of the building and the people in it to ensure everyone is kept safe and can evacuate safely in case of fire.

Further Resources:

• Fire Safety Courses
• Fire Safety Quiz
• Fire Safety Rules and Regulations in the Workplace

The post Fire Safety Policy: Free Template appeared first on The Hub | High Speed Training.

What Christmas Tree Should I Buy?

There are lots of different options when it comes to buying a Christmas tree. Whether you fancy a show stopping Nordmann Fir, or an avant-garde pink artificial tree, the choices are truly endless and can suit any style, budget and space availability. Whilst artificial trees have grown in popularity, real trees have a lower carbon footprint, are easier to recycle and have a look and smell that embodies the season. This article will primarily focus on real trees. 

When buying a real Christmas tree you need to consider the type, the source and where it will be placed. The Soil Association recommends sourcing Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified, organically and locally grown trees. FSC trees are grown responsibly and often with minimal pesticide use and locally grown trees support the local economy and produce fewer carbon emissions from transportation. 

You also need to consider the freshness of your tree. Aged trees are often drier and therefore more flammable, increasing the risk of accidental fires. Fresh trees have a strong green colour and a recognisable strong scent making choosing a freshly felled tree relatively simple. The trunk of the tree should be sticky to the touch and the needles hard to pull off from the branches. A good way to check the freshness is to bounce the tree trunk on the floor. A few needles falling off is to be expected, but if a lot of needles fall off, then the tree is likely too old.

Finally, don’t get carried away by the excitement of the festive season and buy your tree too soon! The clock striking midnight on 1st November might have been enough to signal the start of Christmas for some, but your tree is going to struggle to keep looking its best if you put it up too soon. Think of your Christmas tree like a bouquet of cut flowers, as pretty as it might be, it won’t last forever. 

The general advice is to wait till the first weekend of December, however the lifespan of your Christmas tree will depend on the variety you choose and how well you care for it. For example, Nordmann Firs are known for great needle retention meaning you can buy it earlier and your tree will still look fresh and lush for the big day. Comparatively, the needles of a Norwegian Spruce tend to fall quicker than other varieties, so you are best waiting nearer to Christmas to buy one.    

Where to Put a Christmas Tree

You might have been eyeing up that cosy corner in the living room or that handy nook under the stairs to display your tree, but there are a few practicalities to consider when it comes to where to put a Christmas tree. 

Size – There is no denying that a 12ft tree makes a great impact. However, it’s important that your tree comfortably fits the intended space. A large Christmas tree can take up too much room creating access issues, impeding movement and causing potential hazards. Make sure that your tree fits the space you have in mind and consider moving it to a different room or trimming some of the branches if it is too big.

Heat Sources – Avoid placing your tree next to a heat source such as radiators or fire places. Heat can cause real trees to dry out quickly, increasing their fire risk and reducing their longevity. It is advised to keep your tree at least three feet away from a heat source. 

Plug Sockets – Fairy lights can be the perfect finishing touch to your tree. Place your tree close enough to a socket to avoid trailing cables across the floor, but far enough away to reduce the risk of fire from any sparks. Your Christmas tree may have multiple decorations that need to be plugged in, but remember, overloading sockets can be dangerous. 

In order to use your plug sockets safely:

• Only use one extension lead per socket.
• Avoid ‘daisy chaining’ or plugging one extension lead into another. 
• Check the wattage of each decoration/appliance in use. 
• Regularly inspect sockets for signs of overheating (i.e. scorch marks).

Access – You need to ensure that your tree doesn’t block important access points. Avoid placing your tree in areas with high thoroughfare such as a small hallway or behind a door. This decreases the chances of the tree falling and becoming a hazard, as well as ensuring you can still safely and swiftly exit the area should you need to. If you’re using decorations that need to be plugged in, it’s important to make sure that you can easily reach the plug to turn them off when not in use. 

How Do Christmas Trees Catch Fire

Though traditional symbols of the season, Christmas trees are essentially gigantic pieces of kindling and there is an undeniable risk of them catching fire. 

A common cause of Christmas tree fires is dried-out trees. Contrary to popular belief a Christmas tree cannot catch fire by itself, but a single spark can cause a dry tree to go up in flames within seconds, spreading to furniture, walls and carpets in a matter of minutes. It is therefore important to keep your tree well watered. Forestry England advises keeping your Christmas tree in water at all times, so choose a sturdy stand that can hold a large amount of water. Don’t forget to regularly check your tree’s water levels since Christmas trees can drink a whopping two to three pints of water a day! It is also advisable to give your trunk a trim and saw off about half an inch once you bring it home to help it better absorb water.  

Despite being less flammable than real trees, artificial trees are still vulnerable to fire so if you are buying an artificial tree, aim to buy a fire retardant/resistant one. However, be mindful as fire retardant compounds can wear off over time, so if your tree has been knocking around in the loft for a few years, it might be time for something new. Dust build-ups can also increase flammability so clean your artificial tree before use and before storage. 

Can Christmas Tree Lights Cause Fires?

The short answer is yes. Whilst today’s fairy lights are safer than those from years gone by, they still pose a safety risk. Christmas tree lights become fire hazards when left in contact with something flammable such as paper decorations, plastic leaves or real leaves. A single spark from faulty lights can cause a fire that quickly becomes uncontrollable. 

To reduce the risk of fire: 

• Check your lights for any signs of visible damage such as frayed wires.
• Check the fuses and replace any blown bulbs.
• Try to plug your lights directly into the plug socket rather than an extension cord, but be careful not to overload the socket. 
• Don’t leave lights plugged in for an extended period of time; if you are forgetful get a timer that will automatically switch your lights off. 
• Ensure the lights that you use have a CE mark to show that they comply with European safety standards.
• Only use indoor lights inside and outside lights outside. 

Following these tips can greatly reduce the chance of fire, however your tree isn’t the only potential fire hazard during Christmas. Read our article on fire safety tips for Christmas for further guidance on how to stay safe throughout your festive season. 

Christmas Tree Safety Tips

Keep your festive season fun by staying vigilant and planning ahead. Small changes can make the world of difference to your safety, so remember these top tips to keep your Christmas tree safe: 

• Buy your tree from a reputable seller – Whether you are buying a real or an artificial tree ensure that they are from a reputable place. If you are buying a real tree aim for FSC certified, organic and locally sourced. If you are buying an artificial tree aim for one that is fire retardant/resistant and has a CE mark. 
• Look after your tree – Keep your real tree well watered and your artificial tree clean and free from dust. Regardless of which tree you have, keep it away from any heat sources. 
• Be careful with plug sockets – Avoid overloading your plug sockets or ‘daisy chaining’ extension cords. Don’t leave your decorations plugged in for an extended period of time. 
• Check your decorations – As with your tree, buy your decorations from a reputable supplier and ensure they have a CE mark. Check for any visible signs of damage, such as frayed wires or blown fuses before use and replace any lights/decorations that are no longer safe to use. 

What Should I Do with my Tree After Christmas?

The perfect way to wrap up your Christmas season is by disposing of your tree properly. There are many different ways to reduce waste at Christmas and disposing of your tree in an environmentally friendly manner is equally important. Regardless of whether you wait for Twelfth Night to take down your decorations, or the second those Boxing Day leftovers are done, once your Christmas tree is dry it’s time to get rid of it.

Some eco-friendly ways to dispose of your tree include:

• Recycling it.
• Replanting it (if it has roots).
• Composting it.
• Shredding it.
• Chopping and stacking it for firewood. 

Christmas is a time of wonder, excitement and joy for many, giving us the chance to reconnect with loved ones and share the spirit of the season. The best festive season is a safe one and by taking a few precautionary steps you can ensure you and your family enjoy the season safely. Your attention might usually be focused on whether you have enough pigs in blankets for the table (spoiler alert; you don’t), but it is equally important to consider the potential hazards a Christmas tree can pose and to deal with them accordingly.

Further Resources:

• Fire Safety Tips for Christmas
• Planning a Christmas Dinner: Free Checklist
• Online Health & Safety Courses

The post Christmas Tree Safety appeared first on The Hub | High Speed Training.

What is a Personal Emergency Evacuation Plan?

A personal emergency evacuation plan – known as a PEEP – is an escape plan written for a specific individual who may need additional support to evacuate a building during an emergency, such as a fire.

Under UK fire safety legislation, all owners and managers of buildings and workplaces have a legal responsibility to ensure all occupants can escape safely and quickly in the event of a fire.

For some people, evacuating a building quickly or understanding fire evacuation procedures can be difficult due to a physical or mental impairment, so they require extra assistance from others. These people require a bespoke PEEP written just for them, whether permanent or temporary.

A permanent PEEP is created for someone with a lifelong disability or impairment, such as difficulties with sight, hearing, mobility or dexterity, a mental health condition or a neurodiverse condition that makes awareness of risk or interpretation of instructions difficult.

A temporary PEEP is created for someone with a short-term disability or impairment, such as a broken leg, someone recovering from surgery or a person in the later stages of pregnancy. Temporary PEEPS should be reviewed and updated whenever the person’s condition changes.

Why Might a Personal Emergency Evacuation Plan Be Needed?

If a person cannot evacuate a building unaided during a fire emergency, then they require a PEEP. This usually refers to people who have:

• A sight impairment, so perhaps cannot read emergency signage and information, are unable to identify exit routes or struggle to see fire safety hazards.
• A hearing impairment, so may struggle to hear fire and smoke alarms or be unable to clearly hear evacuation instructions from the fire warden.
• A mobility impairment, so are unable to use stairs, may not be able to move very quickly, are unable to walk unaided or need specialist equipment to be moved.
• A dexterity impairment, which affects strength or coordination, so may have difficulty opening fire doors, operating fire alarms or opening windows.
• A neurodiverse condition, such as autism, which can mean a lack of awareness of what alarms mean, inability to follow escape instructions, difficulty interpreting what’s happening or affect ability to recognise hazards.
• A mental health condition, certain conditions may cause difficulty in recognising or interpreting evacuation instructions.
• An injury or medical condition, such as a broken leg or the later stages of pregnancy, may make it difficult to move quickly or use stairs.

In the UK, the Equality Act 2010 requires employers to make ‘reasonable adjustments’ for any members of staff who may have difficulty escaping during a fire or other emergency. This includes creating a tailored PEEP for those who require one and which addresses each particular person’s individual needs.

Furthermore, the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 requires employers to carry out a fire risk assessment to identify and manage fire hazards in the workplace and, as part of this, they must ensure all employees can evacuate safely in case of fire. The fire risk assessment must take into account people who need extra help to evacuate and, once identified, PEEPs must be created for these people.

Want to Learn More?

For owners, employers and managers of buildings and workplaces, a knowledge of fire hazards and fire safety procedures is essential, not only for legal compliance but also for the welfare of the people you are responsible for. Our range of online Fire Safety Courses, including Fire Warden, Fire Risk Assessment and Fire Safety For Care Homes will give you the knowledge you need to keep people safe.

How to Create a Personal Emergency Evacuation Plan

The person in charge of the premises, whether an owner or employer, has overall responsibility for ensuring personal emergency evacuation plans are created but they can also give the responsibility to a nominated person. This could be a manager, supervisor or facilities officer, for example, who is identified as the responsible person for creating and reviewing PEEPs.

To create a personal emergency evacuation plan, the responsible person needs to fill out a form containing a range of standard questions about the person’s health condition and/or disability, any concerns the person has about evacuating and the support the person will need in the event of a fire. You can download a free PEEP template below.

The exact information recorded in the PEEP will depend on the person it’s being created for, the risks present and the building/s involved. It’s important that all PEEPs are created with the individual in mind and the information on it is tailored to them; never use a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach.

The main contents of a PEEP include:

• Details of the person’s health condition, impairment and/or disability.
• Whether it’s a permanent or temporary PEEP.
• How the person will reach a place of safety in an emergency.
• Whether the person understands the evacuation instructions.
• Any special equipment or procedures the person needs to help them escape.
• Whether the person is able to evacuate unaided or if they need assistance.
• Who the PEEP will be shared with.
• A signature from the person stating they agree to the contents of the PEEP.

Once a PEEP has been created, the safety arrangements within it must be physically checked to ensure they work as expected. Carry out a rehearsal of the evacuation, with the person the PEEP has been created for, to ensure that everything goes smoothly and there aren’t any unforeseen risks or problems. Once checked, the PEEP can then be marked as finalised.

The contents of the PEEP should also be reviewed regularly – at least annually and whenever the person’s condition changes, whether it gets better or worse. If changes to the PEEP are needed as a result of the review, then a new rehearsal of the plan should be done to ensure the changes are adequate and safe.

Personal Emergency Evacuation Plan (PEEP) Template

You can download a free personal emergency evacuation plan template at the link below – use this blank PEEP form as the basis for creating a bespoke PEEP, ensuring you fill out each section with information relevant and specific to the person it’s for.

A personal emergency evacuation plan (PEEP) is an essential legal requirement for employers and building owners, as everyone within the premises, no matter their health, impairment or disability, must be able to evacuate quickly and safely in the event of fire. Use our free downloadable PEEP template to help you get started.

Further Resources:

• Online Fire Safety Training
• Fire Safety Quiz
• What is the Equality Act 2010 and Why is it Important?

The post Personal Emergency Evacuation Plan: Free Template appeared first on The Hub | High Speed Training.

• Fire Safety Rules and Regulations in the Workplace
• Fire Warden Training
• Understanding the Different Types and Uses of Fire Extinguisher
• Fire Risk Assessment Template
• Fire Door Safety: What are the Requirements?
• Fire Safety Training

The post Fire Safety Quiz appeared first on The Hub | High Speed Training.

In this article, we will look at who is responsible for fire safety in the workplace, the regulations and responsibilities of those responsible, as well as some workplace fire prevention rules.

Who is Responsible for Fire Safety in the Workplace?

Ensuring fire safety in the workplace is a shared responsibility, with specific roles assigned to different individuals. The UK Government’s guidelines state that primary responsibility lies with a key figure who, in most cases, is one of the following:

• An employer.
• The owner of the premises.
• The landlord.
• An occupier.
• Anyone else with control of the premises, for example, a facilities manager, building manager, managing agent or risk assessor.

These individuals, known as responsible persons, are designated to oversee the day-to-day implementation of fire safety measures, including maintaining firefighting equipment, organising regular fire drills, and ensuring that all occupants are familiar with evacuation procedures.

Employees also play a crucial role in fire safety compliance and vigilance, following established fire safety procedures, participating in training programs, and promptly reporting potential hazards, all of which are vital to maintaining safety.

Need a Fire Warden Training Course?

In some cases, the company will designate a fire warden. Our Fire Warden Training Course will provide you with the necessary theoretical training required to be a qualified fire warden

Fire Safety Regulations in the Workplace

There are comprehensive fire safety regulations in place for workplaces to safeguard both employees and premises. Understanding and adhering to these regulations is vital to maintaining a safe working environment and minimising the risk of fire-related incidents.

The responsible person, such as the employer or owner of the premises, must play an essential role in managing fire risks. The official government website lists the following crucial aspects that responsible persons must perform:

• Carrying out a fire risk assessment of the premises and reviewing it regularly.
• Informing staff or their representatives about the risks they identify.
• Implementing and maintaining appropriate fire safety measures.
• Having a plan for a fire emergency.
• Providing staff information, instruction and training around fire safety.

The government also offers a collection of guidance materials for those with legal duties for workplace fire safety covering specific measures required for compliance. This includes the provision of suitable firefighting equipment, regular risk assessments, and the establishment of clear evacuation procedures.

You can learn more about how to create a fire safety evacuation plan in our article here.

Fire Prevention Rules for the Workplace

There are a number of rules you can implement in your workplace to reduce the risk of fire. These are outlined below.

Heating

• Avoid using open electrical bar heaters or halogen-type heaters – oil-filled (radiant) radiators are a safer alternative.
• Avoid placing heaters near flammable objects or under desks.
• Keep heaters clear of any blinds/curtains/furnishings, etc.
• Ensure that heaters with time switches are not set to automatically come on at certain times, as they might do when people are out of the office.
• Set a reminder to turn heaters off before you leave the office.
• Ensure you have a heater that automatically switches off if it topples over.
• Look out for staining or discolouration of the appliance or surroundings, and discontinue using the heater if you see any. The same goes for any strange smells.

Cooking

• Do not leave food unattended during preparations.
• Ensure you switch off equipment, e.g. an oven or microwave, after use.
• Keep tea towels and other flammable materials away from the stove or other heated appliances.
• Ensure the oven, stove, and grill are kept clean, as a build-up of fat and food debris can cause a fire.
• Do not place anything metal in microwaves.
• Do not use microwaves as an additional surface (this blocks the air vents).

Smoking

• Make sure you fully extinguish cigarettes and discard them properly.
• Keep an eye on cigarette bins and empty them if they get too full (or notify whoever is responsible for doing so).

Electrical

• Ensure electrical equipment has a suitable conformity marking indicating it has been manufactured to safety standards. As a result of Brexit, Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) is in a transition period with regard to conformity marking and conformity assessment of products being manufactured or supplied for sale in Great Britain. All new PPE supplied in Great Britain must be marked with the appropriate conformity marking (UKCA or CE before the deadline for UKCA implementation) or be accompanied by documentation marked with it. There are different requirements for Northern Ireland.
• Follow the manufacturer’s instructions when using a device/piece of equipment.
• Use official chargers and cables for devices and equipment.
• Don’t leave appliances charging unsupervised for a long time.
• Don’t charge a battery that looks damaged.
• Don’t cover up items when charging, as they emit heat, and keep them away from flammable materials.
• Don’t leave appliances and equipment running overnight or when no one is in the office; make sure they are properly switched off and don’t have timer settings activated that could make them come back on when no one’s around.
• Don’t overload sockets – outlets, extension leads, and adaptors have a limit to how many amps they can take.
• Keep an eye out for burn marks or stains around plug sockets, which suggest overheating.
• Keep an eye out for frayed or worn cables and wires.
• Keep an eye out for flickering lights, blown fuses, or circuit-breakers that trip for no apparent reason.
• Always switch off your equipment at the mains when it’s not in use and unplug where appropriate.
• Always ensure that damaged cable sections are properly replaced – don’t simply repair them with insulating tape.
• Report faulty equipment and take it out of use immediately.

Waste build-up

• Keep walkways and fire exit routes clear of flammable materials, such as cardboard boxes, paper, fabrics, etc.
• Make sure it is correctly disposed of/recycled away from the premises.

A fire hazard could develop at any time. As well as following these rules, remember to look out for any new fire hazards by performing a daily check of your workplace.

You can learn more fire safety tips by reading our article Top 10 Fire Safety Tips in the Workplace. 

Remember, everyone plays a part in keeping their office safe, and following these simple prevention rules will help to ensure that no one has to face the flames of a fire or its devastating after-effects.

Further Resources:

• Fire Safety Quiz
• Information about the Fire Triangle & Tetrahedron
• Understanding the Different Types and Uses of Fire Extinguishers 
• What Does PASS Stand For? Fire Extinguisher Use and Safety
• Workplace Health and Safety Quiz for Employees
• Fire Extinguisher Quiz
• Fire Safety Signs
• Fire Risk Assessment Template
• The Fire Safety Responsibilities of a Fire Warden
• Fire Risk Assessment Training

The post Fire Safety Rules and Regulations in the Workplace appeared first on The Hub | High Speed Training.

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Fire safety is a topic that, sadly, is rarely off the agenda. The fire services in England, Scotland and Wales attend more than 600,000 incidents each year, tragically resulting in around 300 fatalities, if not more. ^[1] 

Many of these incidents occur in the home. In fact, 20 people are injured or killed every day just by accidental fires that start in their kitchens. ^[2]

Fire services across the country recommend a number of simple and practical steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of a fire breaking out in your home, and also decrease the chances of being injured in a fire should one occur.

We wanted to explore some of these potentially life-saving pieces of advice, and seek to understand how the public could better protect themselves, their homes, and their families. 

We undertook a survey of over 2000 UK adults to find out how often this advice is being put into practice by the public, and identify any areas that could be improved to make our homes safer.

1. Smoke Alarm Testing

Smoke alarms are perhaps one of the most important inventions of the 20th century. They are designed to give you that vital early warning needed to help you escape your property and call the emergency services in good time. 

Interestingly, they were an accidental invention during the late 1930s by a Swiss physicist named Walter Jaeger. After originally attempting to design a sensor that could identify poisonous gas, he lit a cigarette and discovered that his design could instead detect smoke particles. Since then, smoke alarms have become a staple in countless households and workplaces. 

However, this creation was very expensive at first, preventing them from being used commercially until 1965. Stanley Bennett Peterson and Duane Pearsall then transformed the invention into a home smoke detector – cheap enough to be installed in most homes and allowing it to become widely used by the 1970s.

Did you know that nowadays there are four main types of smoke alarms? 

1. Ionisation – one of the most common types of smoke alarms.
2. Optical alarms (photoelectric) – also one of the most commonly used types.
3. Heat alarms, which are not sensitive to smoke.
4. Combined alarms, such as combined optical smoke and heat.

In a recent survey of over 2000 UK adults, we found that only 5% do not have a smoke alarm in their homes. Without one, you are 8 times more likely to die in a fire. 

Whilst owning a smoke alarm takes you one step closer to remaining safe in the event of a fire, they do still have to be tested regularly. It is recommended that you test your smoke alarms every week. ^[3]

Surprisingly, most individuals (96%) are not testing regularly enough, with 85% testing less than once a month and 12% never testing at all. In addition to this, we learnt that many (17%) of the younger generation (18-34s) do not test either. Whereas, those over 55 are far more likely to test once a month.

These results suggest that the younger generation needs more awareness on the importance of smoke alarms in fire safety. 

Testing your smoke alarms weekly and carrying out routine maintenance, such as removing debris and checking the batteries, is the easiest way to make sure your home is protected. Smoke alarms degrade over time and generally have a life span of around 10 years. You should check manufactures information for the exact lifespan of your devices and look to change them when required.

2. Smoke Alarm Placement

Fires can start for a number of different reasons. Around half of home fires are caused by cooking incidents, with 3 fires a day starting from heaters, and 2 from candles. But that’s not all: around 4,000 home fires originate from faulty appliances. These can happen in any room of your home, which is why smoke alarm placement could be key to your safety.     

So, where does your smoke alarm live? Good smoke alarm positioning is crucial in order to ensure effective detection in the event of a fire. However, we found that only 84% of those we surveyed have one on every level, dropping to 70% among those aged 18-24 years old.

In private rented and social rented homes, it is the duty of the landlord to ensure a suitable number of smoke alarms are installed and functional at the beginning of the tenancy. As set out by the Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Regulations, they must ensure at least one smoke alarm is equipped on each storey of homes where there is a room used as living accommodation. They must also address any issues if reported by tenants. 

In privately owned homes, it is down to the owner to arrange for their own smoke alarms to be fitted. They can either fit the alarms themselves or arrange for a qualified person to come and install them.

There are no specific legal requirements regarding the positioning of smoke alarms, though it states that one should be on every storey, as mentioned earlier. This also means that there is no legally required quantity, as this depends on the size of the property. 

However, there is some general advice that can be followed by those responsible for installing fire alarms, to maximise cover and therefore safety. Since fires can start anywhere, the more that are fitted, the higher the level of protection. 

For example, a smoke alarm in every room of the house would provide maximum protection, while minimum protection would be a smoke alarm on each floor of the house. The only exception to this is bathrooms. Smoke alarms should be avoided in bathrooms as they may become susceptible to unwanted tripping from the steam.

Other places to avoid or take extra care when placing smoke alarms include:

• Corners of the ceiling. 
• Close to fans. 
• Sloping ceilings.

In contrast, the best places to fit smoke alarms are:

• Kitchens.
• Landings.
• Bedrooms.
• Ceiling beams.

Every home is unique, meaning the number of smoke alarms needed depends hugely on the home’s layout. Generally, fitting detectors to the centre of the ceiling either via screws or specialist sticky pads is the way to go – as long as they are at least 30cm away from any wall, light fitting, or obstruction. ^[4]

If the home has one level, the most efficient place to install smoke alarms is in the hallway between the living and sleeping areas. Furthermore, having a detector 3m away from every bedroom door helps to ensure audibility. If smoke detectors are in an area where they can be heard, they will be more effective in the event of a fire.

3. Escape Plan

Your chances of surviving a fire within your home depend heavily on advance planning. In the smoky and scary environment of a fire in the home, it can be easy to panic and become disorientated. Therefore, it’s recommended to have a thorough pre-planned escape route from your house, by which you and others can safely exit the property. But what makes a good escape plan? 

The main key to a good fire escape plan is to include alternate routes to safety in case one exit is blocked or dangerous to use. The shortest, most direct way out is always best, but the more ways you identify to exit each room of your house, the more chance you have of escaping a fire. Secondly, the more frequently you practise your escape plan, the easier it will be to put it into action when needed. 

eScooters, eBikes or any large Li-ion batteries should not be charged or stored on escape routes or at the base of stairs. Should these items start a fire the escape route and stairs would become immediately filled with smoke.

Despite the importance of having a fire escape plan prepared, in a survey of over 2000 adults we found that the majority (55%) don’t have a plan. Additionally, it seems to be younger generations that are the least prepared, with 68% of 18-24 year olds saying they don’t have or don’t know if they have a plan. In contrast, 45-55 year olds are most likely to have a plan, with 51% stating they have an escape route prepared.

These results suggest that more people, particularly those of a younger age, need more awareness on the importance of having a fire escape plan. One example of an influential adult raising awareness successfully is Myleene Klass, who recently shared a TikTok video with over 450k views of her and her young children doing a monthly fire drill in their London home. In the video, the children are blindfolded and made to crawl around the house on all fours to practise different escape routes. 

Klass’s video helps spread awareness of what a good fire escape plan involves, and also encourages families to discuss and practise pre-arranged fire safety procedures, including various escape routes. 

Do you have your fire escape routes planned yet? If not, start thinking about the floor plan of your home and possible ways out of each room. You never know when it might prove to be a life-saving precaution.

4. Amperage and Voltage

Faulty electrics, including appliances, wiring, and overloaded sockets, cause around 4,000 house fires in England every year. ^[5] Overloaded extension leads are a frequent culprit of fires, as it’s often unknown that it’s not always safe to fill all the sockets supplied on the cable. A socket can become overloaded if you plug in appliances that together will exceed the maximum current rating stated for the extension lead. This could result in the plug in the wall socket overheating and causing a fire.

One way to avoid this happening in your home is to check the maximum voltage and amperage levels for all sockets and extension leads, to ensure you don’t overload them. But how many people actually know how to do this?

In our survey of over 2000 people, a worrying 77% stated they don’t know how to check either the voltage or the amperage levels of a socket, and between the ages of 18-24, only 16% said they knew how to find this information. For people over 45, this percentage increased to 27%, but this is still an alarmingly small percentage for such an important skill.

Data from Zurich Insurance showed blazes sparked by electric vehicles powered by lithium batteries, such as eScooters or eBikes, had risen by 149% from 67 in 2020 to 167 in 2022. ^[6] Li-ion battery fires can start for a number of reasons and usually start spontaneously. Damage to the battery, faulty chargers and attempting to charge immediately after use when the battery cell is still hot are all factors which can increase the likelihood of fire. Where possible, store these items outside or in a garage. Failing this, store in a room which has smoke detection and a door which closes off the escape route.

So, how do you check that a socket is not overloaded? The maximum current allowed to safely flow through the socket (power rating) should be clearly marked on the back or underside of the extension lead. If not, you should refer to the manufacturer’s instructions. 

To find out if your socket is overloaded, simply calculate the sum of the amperages marked on the back of each appliance plugged in and check it doesn’t exceed the power rating of the socket. A guide to power ratings of commonly used household appliances can be found here. You can also use this socket calculator to see if you are overloading your sockets.

There are a number of warning signs you can look out for which suggest a socket may be at risk of causing a fire. These include:

• A burning plastic smell near an appliance or socket.
• Sparks or smoke coming from a plug or appliance.
• Black or scorch marks around a socket, plug, or appliance.
• Damaged or frayed leads.
• Melted plastic on appliance casings or leads.

Following the manufacturer’s instructions and ensuring you’re not overloading sockets and extension leads will ensure you reduce the risk of electrical fires starting in your home.

5. Night Time Routine

Over half of all deaths caused by fires in the home happen between 10pm and 8am. ^[7] A fire occurring at night can be more dangerous, as you will likely respond much slower than you would while awake and therefore have less time to escape. Working smoke alarms are essential to ensuring you are alerted quickly, but there are some other simple things you can do to reduce the risks.

Because of an increase in synthetic materials and furniture, fires can spread incredibly quickly. According to Closeyourdoor.org, the average time you would have to escape a fire 40 years ago was 17 minutes. Today, it is only three minutes. 

Closing all of the internal doors in your home is one way to increase your chances of being able to escape from a house fire. However, in our survey, we found that 66% of people don’t close their internal doors every night. If a fire breaks out in one room of your home, a closed door can hold back fire and smoke, and buy you precious time to escape.

As discussed earlier, electrical appliances are one of the leading causes of fires in homes in the UK. By switching off unnecessary appliances overnight, you reduce the risk of a fire breaking out whilst you sleep. Dishwashers and washing machines pose a fire risk due to their high wattage, friction and motors, so it is recommended to not run these machines overnight.

Another simple step to add to your routine is to make sure that your exit route is clear of trip hazards. In the disorientating smoke of a house fire, objects on the floor could pose a real risk. This could be wires, shoes, bags – anything that you could potentially trip over should be cleared away to allow you to exit your home in a prompt and safe manner. Our survey found that a huge 71% of respondents don’t clear their exit routes every night.

In an emergency situation, it’s crucial to know the right steps to take to be able to exit a building safely. We’ve already discussed an escape plan, but one of the most important aspects of this is knowing exactly where the keys to your exit doors are. They ideally should be in a memorable place that you will be able to easily and safely access. In our survey, we found that 43% of people don’t always leave their keys to hand, potentially creating a scenario in which they are not able to safely exit their property in the event of a fire.

Though there will always be a risk of fires breaking out in the home, there are a number of practical steps you can take to reduce the chances of a fire occurring, and to mitigate the risk of sustaining serious injuries in the event of an emergency.

Our research shows that many of these potentially life-saving steps are not being carried out by members of the British public, leaving them at greater risk of suffering serious injuries in a domestic fire. 

However, it also presents an opportunity to raise awareness of what can be done to improve fire safety across the country.

If you would like to learn more about what you can do to improve the fire safety of your home, visit the website of your local fire service for simple and free advice. Many services also offer a free home visit to assess your property and offer suggestions on making sure your home is as safe as it can be.

Methodology

All survey figures are from YouGov Plc. Survey commissioned by High Speed Training. Total sample size was 2042 adults. Fieldwork was undertaken in July 2022. The survey was carried out online. The figures have been weighted and are representatives of all GB adults (18+).

References

[1] https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/fire-statistics-data-tables#fatalities-and-casualties

[2] https://www.westyorksfire.gov.uk/safety/chip-pans-deep-fat-fryers#:~:text=There%27s%20nothing%20quite%20like%20the,caused%20by%20deep%20fat%20fryers

[3] https://www.westyorksfire.gov.uk/safety/smoke-alarms

[4] https://www.cambsfire.gov.uk/home-safety/smoke-alarms/

[5] https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/make-your-home-safe-from-fire/fire-safety-in-the-home-accessible-version%23&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1667495672296109&usg=AOvVaw0F2kjI9QGK1sELv60KqIVk

[6] Freedom of Information data obtained by Zurich from 36 and of 45 fire authorities in the UK. Data for 2022 collected to end of September.

[7] https://www.clevelandfire.gov.uk/safety/home-safety/bedtime-routine/

Further Resources:

• Understanding the Different Types and Uses of Fire Extinguishers
• What Does PASS Stand For? Fire Extinguisher Use and Safety
• Fire Safety Signs
• Fire Safety Courses

The post Report: Fire Safety in the Home appeared first on The Hub | High Speed Training.

In this article, we’ll look at the proper basic technique for using extinguishers. This is known as the PASS technique – pull, aim, squeeze, and sweep. Knowing this technique will help you to react quickly and confidently if the situation calls for it. We’ll also explain other important aspects of using extinguishers that you should be aware of in addition to PASS, as it is just one part of using fire extinguishers safely.

Looking to learn more?

Our Fire Extinguisher training course teaches you about the various types of fire extinguishers that may be present in your workplace and how to use them effectively.

What is PASS for Fire Extinguishers?

PASS is the acronym used to remember the four basic steps for using a fire extinguisher. Some extinguishers have their own specific techniques, but PASS is the basis for using all types of extinguishers, regardless of any additional specific requirements.  

PASS stands for:

• Pull – pull out the pin from the extinguisher, which will allow you to use the trigger. This may sometimes require a twisting action as well as pulling.
• Aim – aim the extinguisher’s hose at the fire. The way in which you aim may differ depending on the type of extinguisher.
• Squeeze – firmly squeeze the trigger to discharge the contents of the extinguisher. You should discharge the extinguisher’s entire contents.
• Sweep – sweep the hose of the extinguisher over the fire to evenly discharge the contents. The particular way in which you sweep may differ depending on the type of extinguisher. Some require a rapid sweeping motion while others require gentle sweeping.

Those who are nominated by their employers to use fire extinguishers and other firefighting equipment should familiarise themselves with the PASS technique.

Using the PASS fire extinguisher technique will ensure you’re taking the necessary basic steps to prepare the extinguisher for use and to tackle the fire correctly and safely.

Note, however, that PASS is only one small part of using fire extinguishers.

It’s important to understand the difference between the various types of extinguishers and their own individual techniques.

Likewise, it’s vital to know how to assess the situation to determine whether or not it’s actually safe to try fight the fire.  For example, you may be fully confident in using an extinguisher, but if the incorrect type is present for the class of fire that you’re facing, or the fire is too large to combat with an extinguisher, then it would not be safe to attempt to fight it. This requires you to think quickly and critically in any given fire emergency.

Furthermore, your ability to escape should always take priority. While your confidence in using extinguishers safely could enable you to put out a small fire and prevent a serious incident, there are many situations where it won’t be safe to fight the fire. You should always put the safety of yourself and others first.

It’s therefore important for you to receive training that provides a well-rounded understanding of how to use fire extinguishers and how to assess fire emergency situations. You should also receive practical training, so you have the opportunity to practise physically holding and using fire extinguishers. You should not attempt to use extinguishers if you haven’t received practical training.

Remember: in a fire emergency, making a quick but most importantly safe decision is vital. Having the necessary information, instruction, and training will ensure you can do so, with PASS forming one part of this wider understanding.   

Further Resources:

• Online Fire Extinguisher Training Course
• Online Fire Safety Training Course
• Online Fire Warden Training Course
• Fire Door Safety: What are the Requirements?
• Fire Risk Assessment Quiz
• Fire Warden Quiz
• Fire Extinguisher Quiz
• Fire Safety Quiz

The post What Does PASS Stand For? Fire Extinguisher Use and Safety appeared first on The Hub | High Speed Training.

This article will explain all the requirements of fire doors in both domestic (non-private housing) and non-domestic premises (workplaces), including what standards they should be made to, what type of fire door you may want to use in your building, and how to properly install and maintain them over time.

By following this guidance, you’ll ensure the effectiveness of your fire doors and uphold fire safety. This is crucial for keeping people on or near your premises safe from harm –whether they’re residents, workers, or members of the public.

Why are Fire Doors Important?

Fire doors are vital for minimising the spread of fire and smoke in a building. They are manufactured in accordance with specific standards and must have certain features in order to fulfil their purpose, such as fire resistance, minimal spacing between the door and surrounding walls, smoke sealing features, and an automatic closing system.

Furthermore, they should meet British safety standards and the requirements set out in building and fire safety law, all of which we’ll look at in more detail later.

Selecting, installing, and using fire doors correctly is essential for ensuring their continuing effectiveness. Over time, the integrity and safety of fire doors could be compromised, particularly if they are frequently used and if they aren’t properly maintained. For example, in busy hospitals and schools, people may use them much more frequently and heavy-handedly, as compared to a quieter office.

Unfortunately, past inspections have shown that many premises have unsafe fire doors.

A 2019 inspection carried out by the Fire Door Inspection Scheme revealed that:

• 76% of fire doors failed their tests and were deemed not fit for purpose.
• 30% of doors were reportedly poorly installed. Problems included excessive gaps around the doors, poorly-adjusted closers, and issues with smoke sealing.
• 57% of doors needed small-scale maintenance, meaning they were not up to standards.
• 16% of doors inspected were not fire doors at all and therefore not safe for use.

This data was from over 100,000 inspections of over 2,700 buildings, some of which were sleeping accommodations and which housed the elderly. It’s also worth noting that there is an average of over 10,000 fires in buildings, aside from private homes, every year – meaning many businesses and people’s lives are put at serious risk where there are unsafe fire doors in the premises.

From these statistics, it’s evident that many building owners need to do more to ensure their doors meet the necessary fire standards – in fact, the FDIS’s biggest concern is that people lack knowledge about fire doors. Building owners should therefore ensure they develop their awareness of fire door requirements and standards.

What are the Different Types of Fire Doors?

Fire doors generally have the same features and should all meet the necessary standards for safety, which we’ll look at in the next section of this article. Where they differ though is usually the level of fire resistance.

Fire doors are assigned an FD rating to reflect this, and it will be down to the person in charge of the premises to determine which is suitable for their building.

The four most common FD ratings are:

• FD30 – fire doors with this rating provide 30 minutes of fire resistance.
• FD60 – 60 minutes of fire resistance
• FD90 – 90 minutes of fire resistance.
• FD120 – 120 minutes of fire resistance.

FD30 doors are the most commonly used ones and the type recommended by fire safety standards. They can provide a high level of protection if there are several along a route, meaning the 30 minutes add up to a much higher number and significantly slow the fire’s spread along the route. This is usually referred to as compartmentalisation.

Anything higher than FD30 is uncommon, except where a fire door is separating two buildings (FD60 is typically used here), though a higher rating may also be used in premises where the owner wants to ensure the building itself and anything within it is preserved, such as important documents.

Some fire doors may also differ in terms of the material used (such as fire-resistant glass or metal instead of wood) and any additional features, such as a glass window. However, in these cases, they must meet the necessary fire safety standards to be suitable for use, such as a window in the door having fire-rated glass with the necessary seal around it.

It’s absolutely essential that fire doors meet the necessary standards for safety and are installed properly. Otherwise, they will not be able to effectively stop the spread of fire and smoke. The next section covers these requirements in detail.

Fire Door Safety Requirements and Standards

Regulations, requirements, and standards relating to selecting and using fire doors in buildings are set out in various pieces of legislation and legal documents.

These include:

• British Standards documents, many of which go into detail about how fire doors are tested and constructed for safety, as well as how they should be installed and maintained. Two of note for those in charge of selecting fire doors for their premises are BS 8214:2016 Code of practice for fire door assemblies and BS 9999:2017 Code of practice for fire safety in the design, management and use of buildings. BS 8214 gives recommendations for the specification, installation, and maintenance of fire doors, while BS 9999:2008 is the fire safety code of practice for building design, management and use.
• The Building Regulations 2010. This sets out various requirements for buildings, including some brief guidance relating to fire safety in Part 8. Additional documents supplement it to expand on fire safety matters, such as the one below.
• The Approved Document B – Fire Safety, which supplements the Building Regulations. Volume 1 covers dwellings while Volume 2 covers non-dwellings. The documents set out the requirements of fire doors throughout and go into detail in Appendix C: Fire doorsets (in both).
• The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005. This also sets out requirements for fire safety. As with the approved document, it applies to premises used for work as well as those owned by landlords. It requires those in charge, or a designated responsible person, to carry out a suitable and sufficient fire risk assessment of the premises and implement the necessary arrangements accordingly, to ensure people are protected from fire risks. 

What do these require of fire doors?

Some of the key requirements for fire doors that you should be aware of, as set out by the Approved Documents Volume 1 and 2, are as follows:

• In most cases, doors throughout the building should have a minimum of 30 minutes fire resistance, i.e. be FD30 rated, with consideration of compartmentalisation. For example, in domestic buildings above two levels, every door that leads to the stairwell must be a fire door. Where restricted smoke leakage is needed, the door will have a suffix (S) added, e.g. FD30S. Where the door is in a compartment wall separating buildings, it should be a minimum of 60 minutes fire resistance. For full details about which doors you should use and where in a building, including the differences between domestic and non-domestic premises, see table C1 in the two documents.
• They should be classified in accordance with BS EN 13501-2, tested to the relevant European method from the following: BS EN 1634-1, 1634-2, 1634-3. This will prove that the manufacturer is supplying products that have been tested in accordance with BS EN 1631-1 and achieve the minimum performance specifications for safety, as set out in the Approved Documents.
• They should be fitted with a self-closing device. This ensures that the door closes automatically from any angle, to minimise the spread of fire and smoke. Doors that you usually keep locked should release when the alarm sounds, and you should test this alongside alarms.
• The essential components of fire door hinges should be made entirely from materials that have a minimum melting point of 800 °C. Note that, because of the weight of fire doors, they are typically installed with three hinges, though the current BS standards allow two hinges in some circumstances. It’s important to check any accompanying information to ensure that your fire door meets all the necessary requirements for safety.
• They should be marked on both sides with a ‘Fire door keep shut’ sign, to comply with BS 5499-5. There are some variations depending on the type of door, e.g. if it should be kept locked when not in use, the sign can say ‘Fire door keep locked shut’.

Furthermore, to comply with safety standards and ensure fire doors prevent the spread of fire and smoke:

• Fire doors must have appropriate intumescent seals. These are crucial, as they expand when exposed to heat and fill in the gaps between the door and the frame, preventing smoke and fire from travelling through. As the British Woodworking Federation (BWF) Fire Door Alliance states, the recommended seal size for most modern 30 minute doors is 15 mm X 4 mm. The recommended seal size for most modern 60 minute fire doors is 20 mm X 4 mm, or two No. 10 mm X 4 mm.
• The gap between the door and the frame must not exceed 3mm – this is along the two sides and across top of the door leaf. The gap at the bottom of the door can usually be around 10 mm for non-smoke conditions, though it should be 3 mm when smoke seals are required.
• Check for a label or plug that will be somewhere on the door. These indicate that the door is certificated and compliant with the necessary standards for safety. The labelling will usually identify the manufacturer and fire rating.
• You should also check for certification labelling, which will indicate that the manufacturer is a member of an accredited and recognised third party certification body and that the fire door has been made in accordance with safety standards. The two commonly recognised certification bodies are the BWF Fire Door Alliance or BM TRADA. BM TRADA uses the Q-Mark, which are coloured plugs that indicate the rating of the door and other key information.
• Fire doors should be inspected periodically – British Standard documents recommend six-monthly inspections. These may need to be more frequent, though, if the door is used regularly and therefore experiences more wear and tear. Suitable maintenance of fire safety measures is required under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order.

Note that you can discuss safety standards and seek further advice from the manufacturer of your fire doors. They should also be able to advise on your needs for your building.

How to Inspect and Maintain Fire Safety Doors

As mentioned throughout the article, it’s crucial that fire doors are checked and maintained to ensure their effectiveness does not deteriorate. This is the responsible person’s duty, such as the building owner or whoever has day to day control of the premises, e.g. the business’s employer.

Under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order Article 17, it is a legal requirement for the responsible person to ensure that fire resisting doors and escape doors are correctly installed and adequately maintained.

The British Standard documents recommend six-monthly inspections of fire doors. This may need to be more frequent depending on the usage however, such as those in busy corridors, which will be up to the responsible person to determine.

You should check a variety of aspects and features of the door. This includes checking:

• That the door fully closes and is free from damage. Look for any signs of wear and issues with features.
• Intumescent seals. These are crucial for preventing fire and smoke from escaping through the cracks of the door. Check that they are still fitted correctly and not damaged. They will need replacing if damaged.
• Hinges, locks, latches, floor springs etc. Check that they work as intended, are still fitted properly, and that all the necessary parts are in place, e.g. screws in hinges.
• The gaps around the fire door. Remember that the gap between the door and the frame must not exceed 3mm. The gap at the bottom of the door can usually be around 10mm for non-smoke conditions, though it should be 3mm when smoke seals are required. You can use a £1 coin which is roughly 3mm to measure, or acquire a gap gauge online.  
• Any debris or other objects that may be obstructing the door and its features.
• The self-closing device. Check that it works properly and isn’t damaged or obstructed. It should close on its own from any angle, without getting stuck on the floor or the frame, or needing assistance to close.
• The signage, e.g. fire door keep shut signs. They should all still be in place and legible.

Note that you should pay close attention to any guidance regarding inspection and maintenance set out in the manufacturer’s instructions, which should be provided with the fire door.

Furthermore, if any parts of the fire door needs replacing, it should be the same specification or an equivalent type, and suitable for the type of door, e.g. if your fire doors are made from wood, then parts designed for metal doors may not be suitable.

If you’re unsure about anything regarding inspection and maintenance, you should seek specialist advice such as from your fire door’s supplier or manufacturer, as well as consult the various guidance documents listed throughout this article. See a list below for a reminder.

• BS 8214:2016 Code of practice for fire door assemblies
• BS 9999:2017 Code of practice for fire safety in the design, management and use of buildings.
• The Building Regulations 2010  
• The Approved Document B – Fire Safety Volume 1 (dwellings) and Volume 2 (non-dwellings) Appendix C: Fire doorsets
• The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005

Fire doors are a fundamental safety feature, as they stop the spread of fire and smoke in dwellings (e.g. rented accommodation) and non-dwellings (such as workplaces). To maximise their ongoing effectiveness, it’s crucial to select one that is suitable for your building’s needs, to ensure it’s installed correctly, and that it received regular inspections and maintenance. This article should have provided a useful overview of how to ensure this, and has provided you with further resources for where to find more information if needed.

What to Read Next:

• Online Fire Safety Awareness Training
• Understanding the Different Types and Uses of Fire Extinguishers
• What Does PASS Stand For? Fire Extinguisher Use and Safety
• The Fire Safety Responsibilities of a Fire Warden
• Fire Risk Assessment Quiz
• Fire Safety Signs
• Top 10 Fire Safety Tips in the Workplace
• Fire Safety Quiz

The post Fire Door Safety: What are the Requirements? appeared first on The Hub | High Speed Training.

Although they are a popular choice, BBQs can pose many dangers if they aren’t managed and handled appropriately. BBQs are also prohibited in some places and so you must ensure you follow the rules.

This guide outlines the rules and regulations you must follow if having a BBQ in the UK. It explains the fire safety dangers you may face and provides some fire safety tips, so you can rest assured that your BBQ event is safe for everyone.

What are the Rules and Regulations for BBQs?

Before you start planning your BBQ, it’s important to consider whether there are any restrictions in place. You may need to hold your BBQ in a different location or make other adjustments to your plans. Many parts of the UK are classed as smoke control areas, meaning that smoke cannot be emitted from a chimney unless an authorised fuel is being burnt or exempt appliances are used. BBQs are exempt from this, and the government website clearly states that they can be used.

One law you need to consider and abide by regardless of where you have your BBQ relates to road safety. You must not have a BBQ near a main road as the smoke that drifts across the road could pose a visibility risk to drivers. You could be fined if you allow this to happen. Therefore, it’s important to plan and carefully consider where you are going to hold your BBQ.

BBQs on Private Property

If you’re having a BBQ in your garden or on your private property, there aren’t any laws preventing you from doing so when you please. However, the nuisance it can cause to neighbours, often from the smoke, can breach regulations in some circumstances. While the smoke is unlikely to be classed as a statutory nuisance, if you frequently have BBQs and they become an annoyance to people nearby, they may make a record of this and pass this on to their local council. You may then be visited by an Environmental Health Officer (EHO) to determine whether the complaint is a statutory nuisance, and you may be issued a notice to stop causing nuisance. However, this is in extreme circumstances only, and it’s more likely that your neighbour would talk to you first if your BBQ was causing them problems.

To avoid annoying your neighbours with the smoke from your BBQ, it’s best to let them know in advance that you are going to be having a BBQ. They may want to get their washing in first! You should also be considerate when setting up your BBQ by placing it where the wind blows smoke away from your neighbours’ gardens, and not directly next to it.

You are also strongly advised to not hold a BBQ on a balcony. While there is no specific legislation preventing you from doing so, it’s likely to be a clause within the terms of your lease. Even if this is not the case, having a BBQ on your balcony has the potential to be extremely dangerous. One danger is from the carbon monoxide fumes that may travel inside your apartment, which could be lethal.

Public BBQ Laws

If you want to have a BBQ on public land, you must ensure that there are no regulations in place that prohibit this. There are rules in place that dictate how common land, towns and public greens are used. Often, the use of BBQs is included within this and a ban may be in place. This includes land that is owned by organisations such as the National Trust. The Countryside Code, for example, says not to have BBQs in open countryside unless there are signs saying you can. In addition, there are bylaws in place in some parts of the country, such as around London, that prohibit the lighting of BBQs in green public spaces.

These restrictions are in place due to concerns about fire safety hazards and the threat the BBQ can pose to the surrounding land and wildlife. Disposable BBQs are the main culprit of accidental grass fires which can have a devastating impact on the countryside. If a public area does not permit the lighting of BBQs you must follow this rule.

Green public spaces at other locations may permit BBQs in designated areas, provided they are managed appropriately to minimise the risk of harm to the public and the land. By following the fire safety tips explained later in this article, you can safely hold a BBQ in a public place, if permitted.

To avoid holding a BBQ in a public park illegally, it’s best to always check in advance whether BBQs are permitted there. If you’re uncertain, you should contact your local council for clarification.

What are the Fire Dangers at BBQs?

Every year, fire and rescue services give warnings on the dangers of having a BBQ. Due to their very nature, BBQs pose many risks to health and safety. However, by taking the necessary measures, the risks can be controlled and reduced. You must recognise the potential dangers of having a BBQ, whether that be a disposable one or a gas or charcoal BBQ. If you are careless or don’t consider the potential dangers and act to reduce them, people could get seriously hurt.

Fires

One of the main fire dangers of BBQs is the risk of fires starting. Fires can get out of control very quickly and pose a serious risk to people, property and the environment. This can be easily caused if disposable BBQs are not disposed of correctly. Disposable BBQs should be left to cool for several hours before being disposed of. You should also pour water over it before putting it into a bin, to ensure the heat has been eliminated. This is important because many fires are started due to the heat from leftover disposable BBQs, rather than the flames themselves. The heat can easily set peat and dry moorland alight, causing catastrophic damage to the land, such as during the 2018 wildfires including on Saddleworth Moor.

Fires can also start if petrol, paraffin or other flammable liquids are used to try to start or accelerate a BBQ. To avoid this, you must never use flammable liquids on a BBQ and instead follow the manufacturers’ instructions that come with the BBQ.

Burns

BBQs can leave people with burns if precautions aren’t taken. This could be inflicted on the person controlling the BBQ, or someone who gets too close to it. BBQs get extremely hot and should not be touched when in use, or while they are cooling down afterwards. To avoid being burnt, you should avoid standing too close to the BBQ and encourage others to keep their distance. You should also use appropriate equipment, such as long-handled tongs, whilst cooking and needing to get closer to the BBQ.

Smoke

BBQs can give off fumes for hours after you’ve used them. Fumes include the poisonous gas carbon monoxide, which can be very hazardous to health if large quantities are inhaled. Carbon monoxide has no smell or taste, and so it’s unlikely you would notice straight away if you were breathing it in. The NHS lists the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning as:

• A tension-type headache.
• Dizziness.
• Feeling and being sick.
• Stomach pain.
• Tiredness and confusion.
• Difficulty breathing and shortness of breath.

These symptoms can be similar to that of the flu or food poisoning. However, if a person has carbon monoxide poisoning, they will not have a high temperature. If you suspect that someone has been exposed to low levels of carbon monoxide that have made them unwell, you should advise them to seek advice from their GP. If you think they have been exposed to high levels of carbon monoxide, you should ensure they go to A&E immediately.

This is why it is so important to set up your BBQ in a well-ventilated outside area. If you are camping, you must keep the BBQ outside and away from your tent even after it has stopped smouldering. It may still be letting off carbon monoxide fumes that can be deadly. By understanding the dangers and taking the precautions required, you can ensure that everyone is kept safe at your BBQ event.

How Do I Extinguish a Fire?

A BBQ resulting in a fire is a worst-case scenario that you will hopefully not encounter. Nonetheless, it is important to understand how to extinguish a fire, particularly as they may spread very quickly. Someone must attend the BBQ at all times and be ready to take action if it gets out of control.

In the event of a fire, you are going to need to act quickly to prevent any damage or injuries. While flames are to be expected on a BBQ, they may become too large and difficult to control. This is why it is strongly recommended that you have a bucket of water or sand nearby to put on the BBQ and extinguish the flames if needed.

It’s unlikely that you’ll own a fire extinguisher, or have one to hand during a BBQ, but these can be used to extinguish a BBQ fire if there is a suitable type nearby. The type of fire extinguisher that is suitable will depend on the type of BBQ.

It is recommended that you use a dry powder fire extinguisher on gas BBQs, as these can be used on all Class C (gas) fires, as well as Class A (solid materials) and Class B (liquid) fires. Water extinguishers should only be used on fires caused by Class A materials, such as wood and paper. They can be used on both charcoal and disposable BBQs, though any fat from meat may spit when sprayed. As an alternative, where oils and fats are involved, wet chemical extinguishers can be used, as these manage Class F (oils and fats) fires such as fats from BBQ meats.

If you are going to use a fire extinguisher on a BBQ, you must ensure that it is the right type. It’s also advised that only people who have received some training in using extinguishers do so, because the techniques for using them safely and effectively can vary.

BBQ Fire Safety Tips

To help you to ensure your BBQ is managed safely and the risk of fire is reduced, we’ve put together a series of fire safety tips. The first list of precautions apply to all types of BBQ. None of these are intended to spoil your fun; following this guidance will help keep everyone, and the surrounding area, safe from fire.

You should:

• Never leave your BBQ unattended. Once your BBQ has been lit, a responsible adult must keep watch at all times.
• Keep children and pets away from the BBQ.
• Ensure games aren’t played near to the BBQ.
• Never place a BBQ inside or on a balcony. BBQs produce carbon monoxide, a gas which is poisonous and in high concentrations can cause fatalities. If camping, you must never put the BBQ inside, or close to the entrance of, your tent.
• Ensure your BBQ is positioned away from any trees, fences or anything else that could be flammable.
• Ensure there is adequate clear space around your barbecue to reduce the risk of fires spreading.
• Always have a bucket of water or sand nearby. This should be there as a precaution in case of emergencies to put out the BBQ and any fires that may have ignited.
• Ensure that the BBQ has cooled completely before touching or moving it. Never put hot embers into your bin.

In addition to the guidance above, you should also follow the fire safety guidance below for each specific type of BBQ.

Gas Barbeques

If using a gas BBQ, you must:

• Ensure the BBQ is in a good working condition and do not use it if it’s faulty.
• Before you change the gas cylinder, always ensure the gas tap is fully turned off. Change the cylinder outdoors to ensure there is good ventilation.
• Always ensure the gas tap is turned off when the BBQ is not in use.
• After using the BBQ, firstly switch off the gas cylinder, and then turn it off at the main control to ensure any remaining gas has been used up.

Charcoal Barbeques

If using a charcoal BBQ, you must:

• Ensure the BBQ is in a good working condition and do not use it if it’s faulty.
• Only use enough charcoal to cover the base of the BBQ to a depth of roughly 2 inches.
• Only use recognised fire lighters and a small quantity of starter fuel on cold coals. You must never use petrol or paraffin to try to light a charcoal BBQ, or to accelerate it.
• Once you have finished using the BBQ, wait until the ashes have cooled completely and only then dispose of them in your wheelie bin.

Disposable Barbeques

If using a disposable BBQ, you must:

• Never place it directly on grass or a wooden surface. Instead, raise the BBQ on bricks or concrete and ensure that this surface is flat.
• Ensure that it is completely cold before disposing of it responsibly. You may have to wait several hours for it to cool, after which you should pour water over it to ensure it’s definitely out. As explained, the heat from discarded BBQs is often the cause of moorland fires, not the flames.
• Once it can be disposed of safely, put it into your wheelie bin or general waste, or a public bin.

You should now understand what you need to do to ensure your BBQ is managed safely. By following our fire safety tips, you can rest assured that your BBQ event will be free from any accidents, without spoiling any of the fun!

Further Resources:

• Fire Safety Training
• BBQ Checklist: Preparation and Safety Guide
• Burning Rubbish: What are the Rules and Regulations?

The post BBQ Fire Safety: Regulations and Tips appeared first on The Hub | High Speed Training.

Or the Perfect Bonfire Night Party?

If you’re going to be hosting a fireworks display or bonfire celebration, you must consider the health and safety risks to ensure everyone is kept safe. This applies to fireworks or bonfires for Bonfire Night, Diwali, New Year’s Eve and Chinese New Year, as well as celebrations such as a wedding or birthday, or for a larger event run by a business. You must know how to control and handle fireworks and bonfires in these situations as both can cause serious injuries to attendees if they aren’t managed properly and safely.

Use the contents below to jump to a certain section of this article.

• What are the Safety Rules for Fireworks and Bonfires?
• Follow the Firework Code
• How to Conduct a Bonfire or Fireworks Risk Assessment
• Bonfire Night Safety Tips
• Safety Gear and Equipment
• How to Dispose of Fireworks, Bonfires, and Sparklers
• Alternatives to Bonfire and Fireworks for Bonfire Night

What are the Safety Rules for Fireworks and Bonfires?

If you are going to be setting off fireworks or lighting a bonfire, it is crucial that you consider the risks involved and follow safety guidelines. Both fireworks and bonfires can be very dangerous if not properly controlled. An estimated 3,600 people were hospitalised with fireworks injuries over the Halloween and Bonfire months between 2015 and 2019 in the UK. Many more incidents required the emergency services to be called out, including the fire brigade. If you are going to be responsible for fireworks or a bonfire, it’s important that you fully understand how to do so safely.

If you are going to light a bonfire, you can find out more about the rules and regulations in our Burning Rubbish: What are the Rules and Regulations? article.

Follow the Firework Code

You should always follow these 10 simple steps when setting off fireworks. This will ensure the safety of the person lighting the fireworks, those watching the display and neighbours.

1. Only purchase fireworks from a reputable shop. You should check whether they are conformity marked to meet essential health and safety requirements. Fireworks supplied in Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) must be marked with the UKCA marking (or CE marking prior to the deadline for UKCA implementation), or be accompanied by documentation that is marked with it. There are different requirements for conformity marking in Northern Ireland. Previously, fireworks needed to have BS 7114 written on the box to prove they conform to British Standards. However, from 2017 it has in fact been illegal for a fireworks retailer to sell such fireworks, as the classification has now been phased out.
2. Plan your fireworks display. Make preparations in advance and plan where exactly you’ll be safely positioning the fireworks or bonfire. Angle fireworks well away from spectators and buildings. This way, if the fireworks fall over or don’t set off properly they won’t hit anything or anyone.
3. Keep fireworks in a closed box. Take one out at a time, rather than emptying them all onto the floor and setting them up. This means the risk is lower if one were to accidentally set off. Before use, you should store the fireworks in the box they came in or in a metal box with a lid.
4. Read and follow the manufacturers’ instructions carefully for each firework. Always make sure the fireworks are suitable for the area you’re setting them off in.
5. Supervise properly. If holding a small event with children, make sure there are at least two adults present so that one is always there to supervise children while the other safely lights the fireworks. Children must always be kept away from fires and fireworks. If you’re hosting a larger event, you should consider how the crowd will need to be controlled and kept safe.
6. Light the firework at arm’s length. Do so with a taper, e.g. a safety gas (clicker) lighter, and then immediately stand back. Warn people once fireworks have been lit.
7. Never return to a firework once it has been lit. Even if it doesn’t look like it’s been lit properly or it has fallen over, it could still explode. Don’t risk it – you and others will be safer if you just leave it alone.
8. Stand well back from fireworks, away from the direction it’s facing. Safe spectator distances are usually recommended on the fireworks. You should make sure your attendees keep their distance. Consider using tape or something similar as a barrier to prevent anyone from getting too close.
9. Never use petrol or other dangerous liquids to light fires. This can be incredibly dangerous and cause you to quickly lose control of the fire, making it much harder to extinguish.
10. Make sure that all flames and hot sources are extinguished at the end of the event. You must make the surroundings safe before you leave the area and it becomes unattended. This means ensuring that the bonfire is fully extinguished.

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How to Conduct a Bonfire or Fireworks Risk Assessment

Remember that fireworks are explosives and must be handled correctly to ensure the safety of everyone nearby. Many accidents happened during the four weeks surrounding Bonfire Night and, on average, almost half of all firework injuries happen to children under the age of 16. Most of these injuries happen as a result of the unsafe handling of fireworks and a lack of safety precautions. By considering what control measures will be needed at your event and implementing them, you’ll keep yourself and your guests safe.

To help you to identify and control the hazards posed by hosting a fireworks display or bonfire, you should carry out a risk assessment in advance.

Step 1 – Identify the fire hazards, e.g.:

• Rogue or faulty fireworks.
• Mishandled sparklers.
• Bonfire flames and embers.
• Things nearby that could catch on fire and cause fire to spread, e.g. buildings, fences, trees, shrubbery, etc.

Step 2 – Identify the people at risk, e.g.:

• People lighting fireworks.
• People controlling a bonfire.
• People lighting and handling sparklers.
• People present, including children.
• Neighbours.
• Pets, who could be spooked by fireworks or fire.

Step 3 – Evaluate the risks and decide how to remove or reduce them.

You can achieve this by following the firework code and general safety tips that we have listed throughout this article.

Step 4 – Inform people of the preventative measures.

Make sure you tell people what precautions you have put in place and how it affects them. This should include explaining the fire safety measures that are in place to prevent accidents and ensuring that everyone understands what to do to follow them. Most importantly, make sure there is adult supervision for children at all times.

Step 5 – Review to make sure your preventative methods are working.

Observe whether anyone is still at risk. Your measures and instruction may not be sufficient if people are still able to put themselves in harm’s way. For example, standing too close to fireworks being set off or not wearing safety gear.

Bonfire Night Safety Tips

In addition to following the firework code, you should keep in mind the following general safety tips when hosting an event:

• Children should be supervised at all times. They may not fully grasp the consequences of failing to follow safety precautions, so they need constant adult guidance.
• It is illegal to carry fireworks in public if under the age of 18 years. They must also not be sold to anyone under this age.
• Where possible, only one person should be in charge of setting off fireworks. That way, fewer people are put at risk.
• Never drink alcohol if you are in charge of setting off fireworks or tending to a bonfire. Also, keep alcohol well away from fireworks and bonfires.
• Avoid attending fireworks or bonfire displays outdoors if you have heart problems, asthma, or bronchitis. You can still enjoy them from inside!
• Keep pets indoors. Ensure doors, windows, and curtains are closed to reduce the sounds of explosions, and have some background noise on to help distract them, e.g. the TV. Don’t try to coax them out of hiding; this may frighten them more.
• Inform your neighbours in advance that you will be setting off fireworks or having a bonfire.
• Do not set off fireworks during night hours (11pm to 7am). This excludes Bonfire Night (midnight) and Diwali, New Year’s Eve, and Chinese New Year (1am).
• Learn how to treat minor burns, just in case. If there is an accident, you need to ensure it is safe to approach first. Our article ‘How to Carry Out the Primary Survey Using the DRABC Steps’ explains how to carry out an initial assessment of someone who is injured or ill. Remember that you must always call the emergency services immediately if things are beyond your level of skill.
• You can find further information on keeping children safe during a fireworks display on the Child Accident Prevention Trust website.

Safety Tips for Sparklers and Bonfires

Your display will likely consist of more than fireworks. If you’ve also got sparklers and a bonfire, you must consider how to manage the risks these pose. Follow these safety tips for ensuring people handle sparklers safely and that bonfires do not get out of control.

Sparklers

• Don’t hand sparklers to children under five. Sparklers can reach temperatures of 1600 °C and can be very dangerous.
• Anyone who handles sparklers should wear gloves. They should also wear a long-sleeved shirt or coat to cover bare skin.
• Sparklers should be held at arm’s length when being lit. Have one person hold the sparkler while another person lights it with a taper.
• Sparklers shouldn’t be waved around close to other people. Ensure anyone who is using one is a few feet away from other people.
• Do not hold a baby or child in your arms while also holding a sparkler. When using a sparkler, your attention should be solely focused on it.
• Extinguish sparklers in a bucket of cold water. Keep plenty of buckets nearby for people to extinguish their sparklers so they don’t have to walk far.

Bonfires

• Choose a clear, safe site. It should be away from fences, sheds, bushes, trees, roads (as smoke can pose a danger to traffic), anywhere children may be playing, and where fireworks are being lit.
• Check the bonfire for hiding pets or wild animals before lighting it. Small animals like hedgehogs or frogs may have made their way into the pile.
• Do not pour petrol or paraffin onto a fire. Instead, use firelighters which will prevent dangerous flare-ups.
• Do not burn domestic waste. This could cause pollution or harm people’s health.
• Keep buckets of water and/or a hose that is hooked up to a water source nearby. Chances are you won’t need them, but prevention is better than cure.
• Tie back long hair and avoid wearing loose clothing. You don’t want to have anything dangling from you that could easily catch on fire. Avoid wearing nylon clothing, which melts against the skin. Scarves should be tucked in.
• Ensure the fire is fully extinguished after the event is finished. A fire that may look like it will safely die out could very easily cause a new fire once left unattended.
• Do not throw discarded fireworks onto bonfires. They may still have some gunpowder left in them.

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Safety Gear and Equipment

To ensure that all these activities are carried out safely, you should have the following to hand:

• A torch.
• Buckets of water (for extinguishing sparklers or for emergencies).
• Buckets of sand.
• A hose (hooked up to a water source).
• Eye protection.
• Gloves.
• A bucket of soft earth to put the fireworks in.
• Suitable supports and launchers, e.g. for Catherine wheels.

Furthermore, make sure to cover as many parts of your skin as possible, just in case.

How to Dispose of Fireworks, Bonfires, and Sparklers

After your fireworks or bonfire event, you must ensure that you dispose of any materials used correctly. Failure to do so could result in further risks. You should safely dispose of what you can on the day of the event. It can be difficult to gather all waste materials at night, and so someone must check the area first thing the following morning in daylight.

Fireworks

You should safely dispose of all fireworks after your display – including spent (those which have been used and weren’t misfired or partly ‘spent’), damaged, partly spent, misfired, and any that are unused. To do so, you should collect fully spent fireworks into a refuse bin. Any misfired, partly spent, or unused fireworks must be fully submerged in a bucket of water for several hours, or long enough to soak the firework the whole way through. Doing so will render the firework non-explosive.

Once this process is complete, Hereford & Worcester Fire and Rescue Service advise that you may be able to dispose of the fireworks by placing them inside a plastic bag and putting this in your domestic waste. However, you are advised to check the manufacturers’ instructions about disposal that come with the fireworks, or to contact them on the supplier for further information.

Bonfires

You should put out bonfires by pouring water on them, even if there aren’t any flames. This ensures that the fire has been extinguished completely and that the embers won’t reignite when the fire is left unattended. Once plenty of water has been poured on the bonfire and you are certain that it has been extinguished, you can leave it.

Sparklers

As mentioned, you must extinguish sparklers in a bucket of cold water immediately after use. This is because they will still be very hot and can cause burns if people come into contact with them. Once they have fully cooled, you can then dispose of sparklers in your general waste.

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Alternatives to Bonfire and Fireworks for Bonfire Night

It’s worth mentioning that most local councils and fire and rescue services, such as the London Fire Brigade, strongly discourage setting off fireworks or having bonfires in private gardens. This is because they can be incredibly dangerous and a health and safety risk to those involved and nearby.

Instead of setting off fireworks or having a bonfire to celebrate the occasion, you may want to consider alternative events. For example, you could:

• Light some sparklers and use these in your garden. These should be lit one at a time, gloves must always be worn, and a bucket of water should be kept close by. If there are children present, they must be supervised when using the sparklers, and children under five should not be given them at all.
• Bake some traditional Bonfire Night treats such as toffee apples or parkin. This can be a fun and tasty activity for both children and adults alike. You could also make some mulled cider or apple juice. For some recipe inspiration, head to our Planning the Perfect Bonfire Night Party article.
• Gather inside and play some board games or other party activities. This is another activity that can bring your family together and make something of the evening. If you do have a fireplace, you could always light that to create an alternative kind of bonfire.

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If you’re going to be setting off fireworks or having a bonfire, you must assess the risks involved and put the necessary health and safety precautions in place, including those that have been explained here. This will ensure that you can safely hold an event that is enjoyable for everyone and is memorable for the right reasons.

Further Resources:

• Planning the Perfect Bonfire Night Party
• Fire Safety Quiz
• Fire Risk Assessment Training

The post Bonfire & Firework Safety: Assessing the Risks appeared first on The Hub | High Speed Training.